what is soil mechanics?

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what is soil mechanics?


Soil mechanics is a discipline of civil engineering that predicts the soil performance characteristics utilizing the engineering techniques of dynamics, fluid mechanics, and other technologies. Soil mechanics includes the study of soil composition, strength, consolidation, and the use of hydraulic principles to deal with issues concerning sediments and other deposits. Soil mechanics is one of the major sciences for resolving problems related to geology and geophysical engineering. Soil mechanics studies are very important for civil engineers because based on the findings of soil mechanics studies, engineering structures are constructed. The type of construction, type of equipment to be used, type of foundation, support material, and many other aspects of construction works are largely affected by the soil mechanics studies. Basically we study about soil formation modes, physical and chemical properties of soil, dynamic loading of soils, permeability, consolidation, etc. In the subsequent sections of this article, we will discuss in detail about major aspects of soil me mechanics studies.

DIFFERNT SOIL TESTS

Geotechnical examination is important in order to build strong and durable structures above the soil. Studying soil properties means conducting various studies to determine various factors like grain size, plastic limit, shear stress, loading tests, and other tests. Various laws are used in the determination of these properties, among which Darcy’s Law is one of the most commonly used. You’ll also learn about the role of soil properties in a failure of a structure like a bridge or a building.

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL?

Soil consists of different phases of solid, liquid, and gas and its characteristics depend on the interacting behavior of these phases, and on the stress applied. The solid phase includes clay, non-clay minerals, and organic matter. These elements are categorized by their size as clay, sand, and gravel. The liquid phase is composed of water that contains organic compounds available from chemical spills, wastes, and ground water, while the gas phase is normally air. The size, form, chemical properties, compressibility, and load carrying capability of the soil particles are determined by soil mineralogy, which is a science related with the chemistry, structure, and physical properties of minerals. The structure of a soil depends upon the arrangement of particles, particle groups, pore spaces, and the composition. These basic characteristics determine the type of structure to be built and what external support measures, if any, has to be taken to make the structure last long and bear the effects of earthquake, water seepage, and other external factors.


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