SOIL ERROSION

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WHAT IS SOIL ERROSION

Soil erosion is, at its core, a natural process. Put simply, it is when topsoil, which is the upper-most layer of the ground, is moved from one spot to another. Why this matters is because topsoil is the part of the land that is highest in organic matter and best suited for farming and other fertile activities, which is why soil erosion can have the greatest impact on farmers and agricultural land. In other words, soil erosion is a naturally occurring and slow process that refers to loss of field’s top soil by water and wind or through conversion of natural vegetation to agricultural land.

When farming activities are carried out, the top soil is exposed and is often blown away by wind or washed away by rain. When soil erosion occurs, the movement of the detached topsoil is typically facilitated by either a natural process – such as wind or water movement – or by the impact of man, such as through tilling farmland


DIFFERNT SOIL TESTS

Geotechnical examination is important in order to build strong and durable structures above the soil. Studying soil properties means conducting various studies to determine various factors like grain size, plastic limit, shear stress, loading tests, and other tests. Various laws are used in the determination of these properties, among which Darcy’s Law is one of the most commonly used. You’ll also learn about the role of soil properties in a failure of a structure like a bridge or a building.

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INTRODUCTION OF GEOTECNICAL ENGINEERING

Geotechnical engineering is often the starting point for studies for every practicing civil engineer. Thus it’s important to understand how geotechnical aspects affect the development of civil engineering projects and construction works. Here, in this list of articles on the topic, we start with the basics, introducing geotechnical engineering and how it relates to the other branches of civil engineering. Questions that can be asked and answered include how geoenvironmental engineering and geotechnical engineering differ, and what place soil mechanics and rock mechanics hold in the field.

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BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL

Soil consists of different phases of solid, liquid, and gas and its characteristics depend on the interacting behavior of these phases, and on the stress applied. The solid phase includes clay, non-clay minerals, and organic matter. These elements are categorized by their size as clay, sand, and gravel. The liquid phase is composed of water that contains organic compounds available from chemical spills, wastes, and ground water, while the gas phase is normally air. The size, form, chemical properties, compressibility, and load carrying capability of the soil particles are determined by soil mineralogy, which is a science related with the chemistry, structure, and physical properties of minerals. The structure of a soil depends upon the arrangement of particles, particle groups, pore spaces, and the composition. These basic characteristics determine the type of structure to be built and what external support measures, if any, has to be taken to make the structure last long and bear the effects of earthquake, water seepage, and other external factors.


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